Better social reversal learning is associated with a more social approach across time.

Flexibly updating behaviors towards others is crucial for adaptive social functioning. Previous studies have found that difficulties in flexibly updating behaviors are associated with social anxiety (SA). However, it is unclear whether such difficulties relate to actual social behaviors. The current study investigated the relationships between negative-to-positive social reversal learning, social approach behavior, and SA across time. Participants (MTurk, Time 1 = 275, Time 2 = 126, 16 weeks later) completed a performance-based social reversal-learning task. In the initial phase, participants learned that interactions with certain individuals are associated with negative outcomes, whereas interactions with other individuals are associated with positive outcomes. In the reversal phase, these associations were reversed, requiring participants to update their behaviors. The relationships between the performance in the task, SA severity, and social approach behavior reported by participants were assessed cross-sectionally and longitudinally. We found that negative-to-positive updating was negatively associated with SA severity. Furthermore, negative-to-positive updating was positively correlated with social approach behavior, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Hence, individuals with better negative-to-positive updating at Time 1 reported significantly more social approach behaviors across time. The results support the role of negative-to-positive updating as a mechanism associated with SA and social approach, advancing and refining interpersonal and cognitive theories of SA.

Identifying tripartite relationship among cortical thickness, neuroticism, and mood and anxiety disorders.

The number of young adults seeking help for emotional distress, subsyndromal-syndromal mood/anxiety symptoms, including those associated with neuroticism, is rising and can be an early manifestation of mood/anxiety disorders. Identification of gray matter (GM) thickness alterations and their relationship with neuroticism and mood/anxiety symptoms can aid in earlier diagnosis and prevention of risk for future mood and anxiety disorders. In a transdiagnostic sample of young adults (n = 252;177 females; age 21.7 ± 2), Hypothesis (H) 1:regularized regression followed by multiple regression examined relationships among GM cortical thickness and clinician-rated depression, anxiety, and mania/hypomania; H2:the neuroticism factor and its subfactors as measured by NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were tested as mediators. Analyses revealed positive relationships between left parsopercularis thickness and depression (B = 4.87, p = 0.002), anxiety (B = 4.68, p = 0.002), mania/hypomania (B = 6.08, p ≤ 0.001); negative relationships between left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) thickness and depression (B = - 5.64, p ≤ 0.001), anxiety (B = - 6.77, p ≤ 0.001), mania/hypomania (B = - 6.47, p ≤ 0.001); and positive relationships between left isthmus cingulate thickness (B = 2.84, p = 0.011), and anxiety. NEO anger/hostility mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and mania/hypomania; NEO vulnerability mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and depression. Examining the interrelationships among cortical thickness, neuroticism and mood and anxiety symptoms enriches the potential for identifying markers conferring risk for mood and anxiety disorders and can provide targets for personalized intervention strategies for these disorders.

Anxiety, Sleep Problems, and Vigorous Physical Activity: Bidirectional Associations from Early Adolescence to Early Adulthood in Swedish Adolescents.

Anxiety symptoms and sleep problems typically emerge during adolescence and are frequently intertwined. However, there is a dearth of knowledge concerning their reciprocal influence and whether physical activity might play a protective role in this relationship. The present study aims at filling this gap exploring also the moderating role of sex. 915 13-year-old Swedish adolescents (56% girls) answered a survey conducted four times: at ages 13 (T1), 16 (T2), 19 (T3), and 22 (T4). A random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used. At within-levels, sleep problems and anxiety symptoms had a bidirectional positive association in middle adolescence. Vigorous physical activity and anxiety symptoms showed a reciprocal negative association from middle adolescence. Vigorous physical activity and sleep problems were reciprocally associated only in late adolescence. Associations were the same for girls and boys. This study demonstrated that the relations between anxiety symptoms, sleep problems, and vigorous physical activity cannot be understood without adopting a developmental perspective and that middle adolescence is a crucial period to plan interventions to reduce anxiety symptoms and sleep problems.

Moderating Effect of Coping Strategies on the Association Between the Infodemic-Driven Overuse of Health Care Services and Cyberchondria and Anxiety: Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial increase in health information, which has, in turn, caused a significant rise in cyberchondria and anxiety among individuals who search for web-based medical information. To cope with this information overload and safeguard their mental well-being, individuals may adopt various strategies. However, the effectiveness of these strategies in mitigating the negative effects of information overload and promoting overall well-being remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between the infodemic-driven misuse of health care and depression and cyberchondria. The findings could add a new dimension to our understanding of the psychological impacts of the infodemic, especially in the context of a global health crisis, and the moderating effect of different coping strategies on the relationship between the overuse of health care and cyberchondria and anxiety. METHODS: The data used in this study were obtained from a cross-sectional web-based survey. A professional survey company was contracted to collect the data using its web-based panel. The survey was completed by Chinese individuals aged 18 years or older without cognitive problems. Model parameters of the relationships between infodemic-driven overuse of health care, cyberchondria, and anxiety were analyzed using bootstrapped partial least squares structural equation modeling. Additionally, the moderating effects of coping strategies on the aforementioned relationships were also examined. RESULTS: A total of 986 respondents completed the web-based survey. The mean scores of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Cyberchondria Severity Scale-12 were 8.4 (SD 3.8) and 39.7 (SD 7.5), respectively. The mean score of problem-focused coping was higher than those of emotion- and avoidant-focused coping. There was a significantly positive relationship between a high level of infodemic and increased overuse of health care (bootstrapped mean 0.21, SD 0.03; 95% CI 0.1581-0.271). The overuse of health care resulted in more severe cyberchondria (bootstrapped mean 0.107, SD 0.032) and higher anxiety levels (bootstrapped mean 0.282, SD 0.032) in all the models. Emotion (bootstrapped mean 0.02, SD 0.008 and 0.037, SD 0.015)- and avoidant (bootstrapped mean 0.026, SD 0.009 and 0.049, SD 0.016)-focused coping strategies significantly moderated the relationship between the overuse of health care and cyberchondria and that between the overuse of health care and anxiety, respectively. Regarding the problem-based model, the moderating effect was significant for the relationship between the overuse of health care and anxiety (bootstrapped mean 0.007, SD 0.011; 95% CI 0.005-0.027). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides empirical evidence about the impact of coping strategies on the relationship between infodemic-related overuse of health care services and cyberchondria and anxiety. Future research can build on the findings of this study to further explore these relationships and develop and test interventions aimed at mitigating the negative impact of the infodemic on mental health.

The anxiety response of patients with severe psychiatric disorders to the recent public health crisis.

BACKGROUND: The devastating health, economic, and social consequences of COVID-19 may harm the already vulnerable groups, particularly people with severe psychiatric disorders (SPDs). The present study was conducted to investigate the anxiety response of patients with SPDs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A total of 351 patients with SPDs [Schizophrenia Spectrum (SSD), Bipolar (BD), Major Depressive (MDD), and Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Disorders] and healthy controls in Guilan province, Iran, throughout 2021-2022 were included in this cross-sectional analytical study. The anxiety response consisted of four concepts: COVID-19-related anxiety, general health anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and safety behaviors. We conducted an unstructured interview and provided sociodemographic and clinical information. Also, the participants were asked to complete four self-report measures of the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, and the Checklist of Safety Behaviors. RESULTS: Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the groups of patients with SPDs and the control group in COVID-19-related anxiety (F = 6.92, p = 0.0001), health anxiety (F = 6.21, p = 0.0001), and safety behaviors (F = 2.52, p = 0.41). No significant difference was observed between them in anxiety sensitivity (F = 1.77, p = 0.134). The Games-Howell test showed that the control group obtained a higher mean than the groups of people with BD (p < 0.0001), SSD (p = 0.033), and OCD (p = 0.003) disorders in COVID-19-related anxiety. The patients with MDD (p = 0.014) and OCD (p = 0.01) had a higher mean score than the control group in health anxiety. Tukey's test showed that the mean of safety behaviors of the control group was significantly higher than the OCD group (p = 0.21). No significant difference was found between the groups of patients with MDD, BD, SSD, and OCD in terms of COVID-19-related anxiety, health anxiety, and safety behaviors. CONCLUSION: Anxiety response to health crisis is different in groups with SPDs and control group. The findings of this study suggest that although health anxiety is present in many of these patients during the pandemic, their anxiety response to the health crisis may be less than expected. There can be various explanations, such as pre-existing symptoms, low health literacy, and possible co-occurring cognitive impairment. The results of this study have many practical and policy implications in meeting the treatment needs of this group of patients during public health crises and indicate that their needs may not be compatible with the expectations and estimates that health professionals and policymakers already have.

Determination of aging anxiety in middle-aged women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the state of aging anxiety in middle-aged women. METHODS: The study was collected from women between the ages of 40 and 59 years by an online survey method. While collecting the data of the participants, the women's personal characteristics diagnostic form and the Aging Anxiety Scale for Middle-Aged Women were used. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 26 statistical software. RESULTS: The aging anxiety of the women was found to be moderate (53.05±16.26). A significant correlation was found between women's menopausal status, household income, education level, and total score of aging anxiety (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In addition to working outside the home, women are also burdened with duties inside the home. To improve their quality of life, women need to share many of the tasks imposed on them with other family members. To reduce the anxiety experienced by women during the climacteric period, it is recommended to provide psychosocial support to women and consider this issue in health policies. Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, have important duties to reduce anxiety and stress, which constitute the basis of many chronic diseases. It is recommended that nurses, who are health ambassadors, direct women with anxiety to psychological support services through screenings they will conduct for women during this period.

Discrimination is associated with depression, anxiety, and loneliness symptoms among Asian and Pacific Islander adults during COVID-19 Pandemic.

In the United States, Asian and Pacific Islander (A/PI) communities have faced significant discrimination and stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the association between discrimination and depression, anxiety, and loneliness symptoms among Asian or Pacific Islander adults (n = 543) using data from a 116-item nationally distributed online survey of adults (≥ 18 years old) in the United States conducted between 5/2021-1/2022. Discrimination was assessed using the 5-item Everyday Discrimination Scale. Anxiety, depression, and loneliness symptoms were assessed using the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and UCLA Loneliness Scale-Short form, respectively. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the association between discrimination and mental health. Overall, 42.7% of participants reported experiencing discrimination once a month or more. Compared with no discrimination, experiencing discrimination once a month was associated with increased odds of anxiety (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.38-4.77), depression (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.46-4.56), and loneliness (aOR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.75-4.67). Experiencing discrimination once a week or more was associated with even higher odds of anxiety (aOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 3.71-12.83), depression, (aOR = 6.96, 95% CI = 3.80-12.74), and loneliness (aOR = 6.91, 95% CI = 3.38-13.00). Discrimination is detrimental to mental health, even at relatively low frequencies; however, more frequent discrimination was associated with worse mental health symptoms. Public health interventions and programs targeting anti-A/PI hate and reducing A/PI mental health burden are urgently needed.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the meaning in life scale in a sample of young adults.

BACKGROUND: Young adults are in a constant phase of realizing their meaning in life while being in a constant pursuit of meaning. Meaning in life is a subjective, personal construct related to the perception of one's own life. Considering that there are no measures that study this construct within the Arab context, this study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) in the Lebanese context with a sample of young adults. METHODS: A sample of 684 Lebanese young adults was recruited for this study, having a mean age of 21.74 years, 65.6% of which were females. Through an online questionnaire, participants were requested to complete the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-8) and the Oviedo Grit Scale (EGO). RESULTS: CFA indicated that fit of the original bi-dimensional model of MLQ scores was inadequate. Items 9 and 10 cross-loaded to both MLQ factors. After removal of those 2 items, the final model displayed good fit indices. Reliability was good for the Search (ω = 0.89 / α = 0.89) and Presence (ω = 0.88 / α = 0.87) subscales. Additionally, across three levels of gender invariance (Configural, Metric and Scalar), no significant gender-based distinctions were observed in the MLQ scores. The Search subscale was significantly and positively associated with higher GRIT but not psychological distress, whereas the Presence subscale was significantly associated with higher GRIT and lower psychological distress. CONCLUSION: The results of this study contribute to the psychometric reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the MLQ and makes it available for dissemination among young adults within the Arab context. This allows for the implementation of new research that target construct of meaning in life, allowing for the accessibility of interventions that aim to foster the presence of and search for meaning in the lives of young adults within the Arab nations.

Mental health markers and protective factors in students with symptoms of physical pain across WEIRD and non-WEIRD samples - a network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Studies conducted in Western societies have identified variables associated with chronic pain, but few have done so across cultures. Our study aimed to clarify the relationship between specific mental health markers (i.e., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], perceived stress) as well as specific protective factors (i.e., social support and self-efficacy) related to physical pain among university students across non-WEIRD and WEIRD samples. METHOD: A total of 188 university students (131 women and 57 men) were included in the study. We used network analysis to ascertain mental health markers especially central to the experience of physical pain. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between mental health markers (i.e., depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and PTSD) and protective factors (i.e., social support and self-efficacy) associated with physical pain symptoms for Swiss students versus Indian students (M = 0.325, p = .11). In addition, networks for Swiss versus Indian students did not differ in global strength (S = 0.29, p = .803). Anxiety was the most central mental health marker, and social support was the most important protective factor related to physical pain in both countries. However, for Swiss students, perceived stress, and for Indian students, PTSD symptoms were central mental health markers related to physical pain. CONCLUSION: Our results identify factors that may serve as important treatment targets for pain interventions among students of both countries before it becomes chronic.

Mental health during ecological crisis: translating and validating the Hogg Eco-anxiety Scale for Argentinian and Spanish populations.

BACKGROUND: Eco-anxiety is increasingly recognized as a shared experience by many people internationally, encompassing fear of environmental catastrophe and anxiety about ecological crises. Despite its importance in the context of the changing climate, measures for this construct are still being developed in languages other than English. METHODS: To contribute to global eco-anxiety research, we translated the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) into Spanish, creating the HEAS-SP. We validated this measure in samples from both Argentina (n = 990) and Spain (n = 548), performing measurement invariance and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency of the scale and score stability over time were investigated through reliability analyses. Differences in eco-anxiety across sociodemographic variables were explored through Student's t-tests and Pearson's r tests. RESULTS: The four-factor model of the HEAS-SP comprising affective and behavioural symptoms, rumination, and anxiety about personal impact demonstrated excellent model fit. We found good internal consistency for each subscale, and established measurement invariance between Spanish and Argentine samples, as well as across genders and participants' age. Spanish participants reported higher scores on the affective symptoms and personal impact anxiety factors compared to the Argentinian sample. Also, men reported lower levels than women on the subscales of affective symptoms, rumination, and personal impact anxiety. It was found that the relationship between both age and personal impact anxiety and age and affective symptoms varies significantly depending on the gender of the individuals. Younger participants tended to report higher scores on most dimensions of eco-anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: These findings enhance the global initiative to investigate, explore and therefore comprehend eco-anxiety by introducing the first valid and reliable Spanish-language version of this psychometric instrument for its use within Spanish and Argentinian populations. This study augments the body of evidence supporting the robust psychometric properties of the HEAS, as demonstrated in prior validations for Australian, Turkish, Portuguese, German, French, and Italian populations.

[Effect of Emotion Regulation on Anxiety/Depression Symptoms in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Mediating Role of Social Problems and the Moderating Role of Family Functioning]. / æƒ ç»ªè°ƒèŠ‚ä¸Žæ³¨æ„ç¼ºé™·å¤šåŠ¨éšœç¢æ‚£å„¿ç„¦è™‘/抑郁症状：社交问题的中介效应和家庭功能的调节.

Objective: To investigate the mediating effect of social problems in the effect pathway of emotional dysregulation influencing anxiety/depression emotions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore the potential moderating effect of family functionality. Methods: A total of 235 children diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled in the study. The paticipants' age ranged from 6 to 12. Emotion Regulation Checklist, Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Social Problems Subscale, CBCL Anxious/Depressed Subscale, and Family Assessment Device were used to evaluate the emotional regulation, social problems, anxiety/depression emotions, and family functionality of the participants. A moderated mediation model was employed to analyze whether social problems and family functionality mediate and moderate the relationship between emotional regulation and anxiety/depression emotions. Results: Social problems partially mediated the impact of emotional dysregulation on anxiety/depression emotions in ADHD children, with the direct effect being 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.17, 0.36], P<0.001), the indirect effect being 0.13 (95% CI: [0.07, 0.19], P<0.001), and the mediating effect accounting for 33% of the total effect. Family functionality exhibited a positive moderating effect on the relationship between social problems and anxiety/depression emotions. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of complex factors influencing anxiety/depression in children with ADHD, providing reference for the further development of targeted interventions for children with ADHD and the improvement of prognosis.

Psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure or atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety occur frequently (with reported prevalence rates of around 40%) in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF) and are associated with a poor prognosis, such as decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and increased morbidity and mortality. Psychological interventions are developed and delivered by psychologists or specifically trained healthcare workers and commonly include cognitive behavioural therapies and mindfulness-based stress reduction. They have been shown to reduce depression and anxiety in the general population, though the exact mechanism of action is not well understood. Further, their effects on psychological and clinical outcomes in patients with CHD, HF or AF are unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of psychological interventions (alone, or with cardiac rehabilitation or pharmacotherapy, or both) in adults who have a diagnosis of CHD, HF or AF, compared to no psychological intervention, on psychological and clinical outcomes. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases from 2009 to July 2022. We also searched three clinical trials registers in September 2020, and checked the reference lists of included studies. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing psychological interventions with no psychological intervention for a minimum of six months follow-up in adults aged over 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of CHD, HF or AF, with or without depression or anxiety. Studies had to report on either depression or anxiety or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were depression and anxiety, and our secondary outcomes of interest were HRQoL mental and physical components, all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-one studies (2591 participants) met our inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies included people with CHD, five with HF and none with AF. Study sample sizes ranged from 29 to 430. Twenty and 17 studies reported the primary outcomes of depression and anxiety, respectively. Despite the high heterogeneity and variation, we decided to pool the studies using a random-effects model, recognising that the model does not eliminate heterogeneity and findings should be interpreted cautiously. We found that psychological interventions probably have a moderate effect on reducing depression (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.65 to -0.06; 20 studies, 2531 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and anxiety (SMD -0.57, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.18; 17 studies, 2235 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), compared to no psychological intervention. Psychological interventions may have little to no effect on HRQoL physical component summary scores (PCS) (SMD 0.48, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.98; 12 studies, 1454 participants; low-certainty evidence), but may have a moderate effect on improving HRQoL mental component summary scores (MCS) (SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.26; 12 studies, 1454 participants; low-certainty evidence), compared to no psychological intervention. Psychological interventions probably have little to no effect on all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.69; 3 studies, 615 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and may have little to no effect on MACE (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.92; 4 studies, 450 participants; low-certainty evidence), compared to no psychological intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that psychological interventions for depression and anxiety probably result in a moderate reduction in depression and anxiety and may result in a moderate improvement in HRQoL MCS, compared to no intervention. However, they may have little to no effect on HRQoL PCS and MACE, and probably do not reduce mortality (all-cause) in adults who have a diagnosis of CHD or HF, compared with no psychological intervention. There was moderate to substantial heterogeneity identified across studies. Thus, evidence of treatment effects on these outcomes warrants careful interpretation. As there were no studies of psychological interventions for patients with AF included in our review, this is a gap that needs to be addressed in future studies, particularly in view of the rapid growth of research on management of AF. Studies investigating cost-effectiveness, return to work and cardiovascular morbidity (revascularisation) are also needed to better understand the benefits of psychological interventions in populations with heart disease.

Prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure enhances the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats during cocaine withdrawal.

Prenatal drug exposure is a public health problem, which results in profound behavioral problems during childhood and adolescence, mainly represented by an increase in the risk of cocaine abuse at an early age. In rodents, prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure enhanced locomotor activity and cocaine- or nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization. Various authors consider that the adverse emotional states (anxiety and depression) that occur during cocaine withdrawal are the main factors that precipitate, relapse, and increase chronic cocaine abuse, which could increase the risk of relapse of cocaine abuse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize anxiety- and depression-like behaviors at different times (30, 60, 90, and 120 days) of cocaine withdrawal in rats born to females exposed prenatally and postnatally to cocaine. A group of pregnant female Wistar rats were administered daily from day GD0 to GD21 with cocaine (cocaine preexposure group), and another group of pregnant female rats was administered daily with saline (saline preexposure group). Of the litters resulting from the cocaine-pre-exposed and saline-pre-exposed pregnant female groups, only the male rats were used for the recording of the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors at different times (30, 60, 90, and 120 days) of cocaine withdrawal The study found that prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure dose-dependent enhanced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. This suggests that prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure can result in enhanced vulnerability to cocaine abuse in young and adult humans.

Originalarbeiten / Original Articles. Entwicklung und Evaluation einer Aufklärungsbroschüre zu Ängsten und Angststörungen für Jugendliche.

Development and Evaluation of an Information Brochure on Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders for Adolescents Low mental health literacy and fear of being stigmatized are two main barriers that detain adolescents fromseeking professional help. An information brochure about anxiety disorders for adolescents was developed. To make a first statement about the quality of the brochure, 19 experts, consisting of (child and adolescents) psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and psychologists, rated a first version of the brochure regarding content validity and age-appropriatness. To evaluate the efficacy in knowledge and the acceptance of the brochure, a revised version was evaluated by N = 174 adolscents (106 female-, 66 male- and two non-binary) between 14 and 17 years of age (M = 16.56 years.; SD = 0.57).The experts' approval of all content items totals a mean average of 95.2 % (range: 84.2-100 %). In the adolescent sample, the intervention increased knowledge about anxiety disorders (d = 1.04) and improved attitudes about coping strategies (d = 0.99). Results of the experts' rating showed that content validity of the brochure can be assumed.The revised brochure seems to be a useful and effective tool to inform adolescents about anxiety disorders.

Predictors of Chronic Pain 6 Months and 1 Year After Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and chronic pain (CP) represent serious, interrelated global public health concerns that have a profound impact on individuals and society. Bariatric surgery is increasing in popularity and has been proven safe and efficacious, providing long-term weight loss and improvements in many obesity-related co-morbidities. A decrease in CP is often a motivation for bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in CP postoperatively and to examine the relationship between psychosocial measures and pain. METHODS: A total of 155 adult bariatric surgery patients were recruited and completed self-report measures for CP severity and interference, neuropathic pain, anxiety, depression, emotion regulation and perceived social support at three timepoints preoperative and 6 and 12 months postoperative. RESULTS: Pain significantly decreased between preoperative and postoperative timepoints, and preoperative pain was the most significant predictor of postoperative pain. Preoperative CP was correlated with anxiety (p < 0.05) and depression (p < 0.01) at 6 months postoperatively and perceived social support (p < 0.01) at 1 year postoperatively. However, regression analyses with psychological variables were not significant. CONCLUSION: CP decreases after bariatric surgery, but further research with larger sample sizes is needed to establish whether psychosocial characteristics impact this outcome.

Common mental health problems and associated factors among recovered COVID-19 patients in rural area: A community-based survey in Bangladesh.

PURPOSE: Since the coronavirus (COVID-19) was announced as being a global pandemic on 11 March, governments from all parts of the world declared a quarantine period, during which people were prohibited from leaving their homes (except for essential activities) to contain the spread of the virus. Since then, the population has faced different levels of restrictions (i.e., mobility, social activities) that limited participation in normal daily routines. Consequently, these restrictions may have adversely changed physical activity, diet, sleep patterns, and screen time or work routine. So, the pandemic has had profound influence on the mental health of the entire societies. As the mental health status of Bangladeshi patients living in rural area that have recovered from COVID-19 has not been previously studied, this gap is addressed through the present investigation focusing on one rural Bangladeshi community. METHODS: A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit participants for this cross-sectional study. Data was gathered by conducting face-to-face interviews with 243 recovered COVID-19 patients (as confirmed by a positive Reverse Transcription PCR test) attending a local primary health care facility center and instructed to consider how they felt in the preceding week. RESULTS: By administering a validated Bengali version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to measure participants' mental health status, we noted that 24% of the sample exhibited depressive symptoms. In addition, 30.9% and 21.8% of the participants experienced stress symptoms and reported anxiety, respectively. Sociodemographic factors such as female sex, lower educational level, living away from family, smaller living accommodations, and lower economic status significantly predicted mental health outcomes in multivariate logistic regressions. CONCLUSION: These results may help health care providers formulate proper mental health interventions and preventive measures to minimize the mental health problems among patients that have recovered from COVID-19.

Prevalence and factors for anxiety and depression among secondary school teachers from Sfax city of Tunisia in times of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: teachers have to adapt during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to many changes that could potentially make them more vulnerable to psychological distress. We aimed to assess anxiety and depression in Tunisian secondary school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore their associated factors. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional survey concerning Tunisian secondary school teachers between May 1st, 2021, and June 30th, 2021, using an online survey platform via Google Forms. Participants were asked to fill in a form including two psychometric tests: the General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). We performed both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: a total of 170 secondary school teachers were included, of whom 22.4% (n=38) were males and 77.6% (n=132) were females. The median age was 45.5 years (Q1=39, Q3=49). The overall anxiety prevalence was 34.7% (n=59) while it was 41.7% (n=71) for depression. In multivariable analysis, anxiety was strongly associated with sleep disturbances (aOR: 5.1; 95% CI: 1.80-14.45; p=0.002) and depression (aOR: 33.91; 95% CI: 12.32-93.33; p<0.001) while depression was strongly associated with dissatisfaction with working conditions (aOR: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.49-10.65; p=0.006), the irregular wearing of protective masks (aOR: 3.94; 95% CI: 1.33-11.66; p=0.013) and anxiety (aOR=51.63; 95% CI: 17.74-150.25; p<0.001). Conclusion: secondary school teachers in Tunisia are characterized by a high rate of anxiety and depressive disorders which are related to personal and professional factors on which we can act by supplying of educational institutions by protective masks, the implementation of programs for adjusting working conditions and the practice of non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia management.

Social Determinants Among Pregnant Clients With Perinatal Depression, Anxiety, Or Serious Mental Illness.

To characterize co-occurring social determinants of health for clients experiencing perinatal anxiety and depression (perinatal mood and anxiety disorders) or serious mental illness (SMI) in a diverse population receiving prenatal care in a safety-net health system, we conducted a latent class analysis, using data from a social determinants screener in pregnancy for the health system's clients during 2017-20. The sample included clients with positive screens for depression or anxiety or SMI diagnoses. Prenatal clients with a positive screen for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders or SMI comprised 13-30 percent of classes, characterized by more than two co-occurring social determinants (for example, co-occurring socioeconomic and interpersonal factors). The study findings highlight the salience of social determinants among prenatal patients experiencing perinatal mood and anxiety disorder and SMI and suggest the necessity of consistent screening for both social determinants and perinatal mental health. Policies to address social determinants within and beyond health care settings are critical.

Effects of Music Therapy on Negative Emotions and Physiological Parameters in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopic Polypectomy: A Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the postoperative effects of music therapy on negative emotions, pain, and inflammatory and physiological parameters in patients undergoing colonoscopic polypectomy. METHODS: Patients who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy in Funan County People's Hospital between March 2020 and June 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Patients were divided into exposure (underwent music therapy) and control (did not undergo music therapy) groups. Baseline characteristics, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, physiological parameters [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR)], and inflammatory marker levels [neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)] of patients before and after exposure to music were determined. The propensity score matching (PSM) method (1:1) was used to balance the baseline characteristics of the two groups. RESULTS: After PSM, the exposure group comprised 50 cases and the control group comprised 50 cases. The baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative SAS score of the exposure group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the postoperative VAS score of the exposure group was nonsignificantly lower than that of the control group (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the postoperative SBP, DBP, and HR levels of the exposure group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The postoperative levels of NLR, PLR, and ESR were not significantly different between the exposure and control groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Music therapy exerts beneficial effects on the postoperative psychological and physiological parameters of patients undergoing colonoscopic polypectomy.